Gynaecological Cancer
Gynaecological Cancer Overview
Gynaecological cancer refers to the cancers that arise in a woman's reproductive organs. In the UK, these cancers are a significant concern within women's health, with thousands of women diagnosed each year. Gynaecological cancers are categorised based on the organ where they originate: the cervix, ovaries, uterus, vulva, and vagina.
Types of Gynaecological Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Routine Pap smears or cervical screenings are crucial as they can detect precancerous conditions of the cervix.
- Ovarian Cancer:
- Starts in the ovaries, the glands that produce the eggs. Ovarian cancer is often diagnosed late because it rarely produces symptoms in the early stages.
- Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer:
- Begins in the uterus, the pear-shaped organ where a baby grows. The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding.
- Vulvar Cancer:
- Starts in the vulva, the outer part of the female genitalia. It often presents with itching, burning, or bleeding.
- Vaginal Cancer:
- Begins in the vagina, the canal leading from the cervix to the outside of the body. Like vulvar cancer, it may cause pain and abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Symptoms of Gynaecological Cancers
Symptoms vary depending on the type of cancer but may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Unexplained weight loss
- Pelvic pain
- Changes in bathroom habits (more frequent need to urinate or constipation)
- Itching or burning of the vulva
- Changes in the skin of the vulva, such as a rash or warts
Importance of Screening & Early Detection
Screening plays a critical role in the early detection of certain types of gynaecological cancer, particularly cervical cancer. The NHS offers cervical screening (smear tests) to all women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64, which significantly helps in catching precancerous changes early.
Treatment Options
Treatment varies based on the type and stage of cancer and may include:
- Surgery:
- Often the first line of treatment to remove cancerous tissue.
- Chemotherapy
- Uses drugs to kill cancer cells, often used when cancer has spread or to reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Radiation Therapy:
- Uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells, often used in conjunction with other treatments.
- Targeted Therapy
- Uses drugs or other substances to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, typically with fewer side effects than chemotherapy.
- Hormone Therapy:
- Used for cancers that are sensitive to hormones, such as some types of uterine cancer.
Gynaecological cancers require a specialized approach to treatment and management, with a strong emphasis on early detection and prevention. The NHS and various cancer support organizations in the UK provide crucial resources and support for women diagnosed with these cancers, aiding them in navigating their treatment options and coping with the emotional impact of their diagnosis.
