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Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK, with around 52,300 new cases diagnosed each year. It develops in the prostate, a small gland in the pelvis in men that produces the seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Understanding prostate cancer, its symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of early detection can help manage and treat this disease effectively.
The prostate is a gland that is located below the bladder. It surrounds the urethra , which is the tube through which urine (wee) passes out of the body. People with a prostate include:
Trans women and people who are non-binary can still get prostate cancer. Tests should be undertaken if symptoms appear. The UK currently has no screening programme for prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably. Unlike many other cancers, prostate cancer usually grows very slowly and may not cause any problems or symptoms for years. In many cases, men with prostate cancer die of other causes without ever knowing they have the disease. However, in certain cases, it can be more aggressive and requires immediate treatment.
In its early stages, prostate cancer may not show symptoms. As it progresses, it can cause signs and symptoms such as:
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by conditions other than prostate cancer, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Key risk factors for prostate cancer include:
Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the individual case, including the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Options include: